Children are most contagious right before and right after symptoms start. A child is more at risk for polio if they're in an area where polio is still active. Polio is not active in the U. But polio is still a problem in developing countries that have widespread poverty and less access to the polio vaccine. This includes a few countries in Africa and Asia. International healthcare groups work to get more people vaccinated to get rid of the polio virus worldwide.
A child is at risk if they travel to any of these areas, or have contact with someone else who has. Polio is even more of a risk for babies and children during the summer and fall in these areas. Before traveling to countries where polio is active or at risk for outbreaks, check with the CDC. Most children with polio have no symptoms at all.
This is called an inapparent infection. The other types of polio are:. This illness can cause severe symptoms and long-term problems. The most common symptoms of nonparalytic polio can include the same symptoms as abortive. Then after symptoms start to go away, the child may have:. Most children who have paralysis will get some of their strength back over time. Some children will return to normal. A small number of children will die from the disease. The symptoms of polio can seem like other health conditions.
Have your child see their healthcare provider for a diagnosis. They may also ask about your recent travel to countries where polio is active.
The provider will give your child a physical exam. Your child may also need tests. They may include:. Virus cultures. The provider will take samples of stool, and fluid samples from the throat.
Viruses from the samples are grown in a lab and checked with a microscope. Spinal tap lumbar puncture. The provider puts a needle into the lower back, into the spinal canal.
Adults in these three groups who have had 1 or 2 doses of polio vaccine in the past should get the remaining 1 or 2 doses. Adults who are at increased risk of exposure to poliovirus and who have previously completed a routine series of polio vaccine IPV or OPV can receive one lifetime booster dose of IPV.
Top of Page. This decision was also based on the decreased risk of wild poliovirus being brought into the country and because the U. Inactivated poliovirus vaccine IPV , which is the only polio vaccine that has been given in the United States since , protects almost all children 99 out of who get all the recommended doses.
For best protection, children should get four doses of polio vaccine. With any medicine, including vaccines, there is a chance of side effects. These are usually mild and go away on their own, but serious reactions are also possible. Some people who get IPV get a sore spot where the shot was given. IPV has not been known to cause serious problems, and most people do not have any problems with it.
As with any medicine, there is a very remote chance of a vaccine causing a serious injury or death. The safety of vaccines is always being monitored. All 50 states and the District of Columbia DC have state laws that require children entering childcare or public schools to have certain vaccinations.
There is no federal law that requires this. CDC recommends that all children get four doses of inactivated polio vaccine IPV , with one dose at each of the following ages:. All children who have received three doses of IPV before age 4 years should receive a fourth dose at 4 to 6 years of age before or at school entry. For more information, see State Vaccination Requirements. Nonparalytic poliomyelitis : Symptoms are more severe than abortive, but not as bad as paralytic.
Paralytic poliomyelitis: The most severe; may result in permanent paralysis of certain muscle groups, including breathing muscles and leg muscles. What causes poliomyelitis? Is poliomyelitis common? What are the symptoms of poliomyelitis? The polio vaccine, or IPV Inactivated polio vaccine , is recommended four times, when your child is: 2 months old 4 months old between 6 and 18 months old between 4 and 6 years old children 7 to 18 years old may catch up as needed.
The commitment and compassion with which we care for all children and families is matched only by the pioneering spirit of discovery and innovation that drives us to think differently, to find answers, and to build a better tomorrow for children everywhere. Kevin B. Churchwell, President and CEO. Connect with Boston Children's Hospital.
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