Of course, this minute experiment also exhausted all of the highest paying HITs that were available, so subsequent work would pay even less. These results speak to a difference in how Turkers interact with the platform. Experienced Turkers use a suite of browser plugins that make searching for and queuing up large numbers of high-paying HITs much easier, leaving lower paying jobs for less-experienced Turkers. Once a large number these jobs are queued, the experienced Turker maximizes their payout by clearing their queue as fast as possible — possibly explaining why high-paying failed responses tend to come much faster than any other response category.
Newer users are more likely to accept and complete tasks one-at-a-time, finishing them faster within the system, but completing fewer tasks HITs with more care. To this point, a study found that 5. The rewards structures in place on MTurk produce an almost adversarial relationship between requesters and Turkers.
This can lead to response quality issues, as one assumes that some accuracy is traded for speed. Requesters, on the other hand, are primarily interested in data quality. From their perspective, it seems that better quality data can come from posting HITs with reduced rewards so as to target newer or more casual Turkers. With the implicit requirement to spend dozens of hours completing hundreds or thousands of short, low-paying tasks, unethical requesters can easily find a willing audience of Turkers who will complete the task with higher levels of attention than undergraduate students doing psychology studies.
With more workers and researchers turning to the platform to replace lost face-to-face opportunities, we believe it is the ethical duty of Amazon to reform the incentive structure of Mechanical Turk and put a stop to this vicious circle. Furthermore, requesters and Turkers should step up to change the perception of MTurk as a place to source low quality labor for exploitative wages.
Gray, two researchers who have for about five years been studying the lives of people working on demand. As fewer and fewer jobs are available to less-educated workers outside major cities, these workers may turn to online platforms to support themselves, only to find that they are facing a lot of competition from all the other workers like them.
Valerie also asked for her last name to be kept out of this story, because, like Erica, she was concerned that something might happen to her account. The crowds are making the platform even worse for workers than it was before.
To compete, Valerie keeps the site open all day, sometimes waking up at two or three in the morning, in order to grab tasks and earn enough money to keep her bills paid. The call center she worked for full-time shut down a little more than two years ago, and she said there are no other opportunities in her area.
As this type of work becomes more common, some academics have argued for a new model of labor law under which even independent contractors are entitled to some basic protections. Those construction workers can still file a lawsuit under the Fair Labor Standards Act for wage theft, even though they are not considered employees, she said. But there has been no legal decision determining that workers on crowdsourcing platforms can do the same. There was a lawsuit filed over this discrepancy in in California, with workers who had done tasks on the website Crowdflower alleging violations of the Fair Labor Standards Act.
But that lawsuit was settled before any decision could emerge that might change how these sites are regulated. Without the labor protections available to many other workers, some workers on Mechanical Turk have banded together to look out for themselves.
They started Dynamo, a platform where workers could collectively and anonymously come up with suggestions for how to improve Mechanical Turk. To sign up for Dynamo, for instance, workers had to complete a HIT and get a certain code, but Amazon closed the requester account that created those HITs, making it impossible for Dynamo to add new workers, Kristy Milland, a longtime Turk worker and the community manager of the forum TurkerNation, told me.
In the worst days of the Great Depression, when desperate workers were undercutting each other to bid for the meager work that was available, the government stepped in and created a floor for wages by passing the Fair Labor Standards Act in It required that workers be paid a minimum wage and receive overtime pay for the time they spent working beyond 40 hours a week.
These are very different economic times, with historically low unemployment rates and jobs going unfilled. But for one segment of the labor market—less-educated workers in depressed areas—there is no economic boom. More and more workers will continue performing grueling work for pennies—much like Americans did a century ago—with no way out.
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