P I, Art. Do you think the legal framework applicable to blockades and armed conflicts at sea the same for both international and non-international armed conflicts? Does it constitute a legally binding set of rules? Where, at sea, may hostile actions in the context of an armed conflict be carried out? Under which conditions may they take place outside these zones? San Remo Manual, Rule 10 8. Document A, para. Are belligerent ships allowed to disguise themselves?
Are the Sea Tigers obliged to distinguish their vessels from the ordinary ships that sail the international shipping lane? Is the strategy of the LTTE to mingle during the day in international shipping lanes and attacking only at night in accordance with IHL? Under which conditions would it be legal? San Remo Manual, Rules and b. San Remo Manual, Rules - Does the law of naval warfare apply? Who does IHL oblige to care for the wounded, sick and shipwrecked?
Armed forces? Police forces? If the Sea Tigers had rescued the sailors, would they have been entitled to detain them? Document B, paras [5], [14]-[16]. Do the basic rules on the conduct of hostilities apply to attacks from the sea that produce their effects on land? What is the group's relationship with the community? How does it interact with other groups? Velupillai Prabhakaran founded the group in and by the late s was the dominant Tamil militant group in Sri Lanka.
After a number of failed negotiations, the Sri Lankan government declared an all-out offensive against the LTTE in The LTTE consisted of a highly developed military wing and a secondary political wing. The military wing had a naval group, an airborne unit, an intelligence wing, and even a specialized suicide terrorist unit.
The group was also notorious for its use of women and children in combat. Accessed 22 July This section describes various leaders, their deputies, and other important officials in the militant organization.
A central governing committee led by Prabhakaran oversaw all activities of the LTTE, both political and military.
Accessed 14 May South Asian Terrorism Database, Web. South Asian Terrorism Database, n. Accessed 22 Aug. The LTTE also secured a significant amount of its funding from criminal activities, including piracy, human and drug trafficking, arms smuggling, and other petty crimes. The Office of Overseas Purchases, also known as the KP Department, functions as the main procurement body of the LTTE, and is believed to obtain arsenal from various countries as well as operate a fleet of deep-sea vessels.
Additional high tech weaponry is purchased using overseas funds. Accessed 10 Mar Accessed 26 February Accessed 26 February, Disclaimer: This is a partial list of where the militant organization has bases and where it operates.
This does not include information on where the group conducts major attacks or has external influences. The Sri Lankan Tamil Diaspora, and widespread funding sources that accompanied it, allowed the LTTE to carry out its operations in a range of countries. Tamil Nadu was a crucial transit point for low-technology arms, narcotics, contraband, and more, given the geographic closeness to Sri Lanka and control of the regional waters by the LTTE Sea Tigers.
This includes Sri Lankan Tamil newspapers and other publications. The LTTE also maintained a presence in South Africa that included propaganda, fund-raising, training camps, weapons procurement, and shipping activity. This is believed to have lead to the formation of a South African Tamil Tigers, trained by both LTTE personnel as well as military organizations from the Apartheid era.
Accessed 28 Feb Those who faced the brunt of the war, they would probably welcome this film more. But Sri Lanka-based human rights lawyer Mathuri Thamilmaran disagrees. She saw Demons in Paradise in the capital Colombo, and asks why Ratnam has avoided screening the film in Tamil areas of the country.
In the past decade, a semblance of peace has returned to Sri Lanka. But the reaction to Demons in Paradise is another example that Sri Lanka is still very much divided along ethnic lines. Jude Ratnam says he is not surprised by the backlash but insists his film can help foster reconciliation between the Tamil and Sinhalese community in Sri Lanka.
If you keep denying it and play the victim card all the time, then you invariably return to it. Broken survivors of Sri Lanka war. UN human rights chief in Sri Lanka probe. Image source, Jude Ratnam.
Demons in Paradise is Jude Ratnam's debut film and took a decade to make. A critical portrayal. Image source, Getty Images. That from 1 October to 26 April , the defendant participated in an organisation, the objective of which is to commit crimes against humanity, war crimes and domestic criminal offences.
In particular, that the defendant recruited others for armed combat in Sri Lanka without the permission of the King; conscripted or enlisted children under the age of 15 into armed groups in Sri Lanka; imprisoned members of the Tamil civilian population in Sri Lanka; and murder Count 1B.
That the defendant is alleged to have participated in and continues to participate in a national criminal organisation Counts 2 and 3. Finally, that the defendant incited others to commit any criminal offence or act of violence against the Sri Lankan authorities, in particular, the dissemination of written material and images containing incitement to this effect Counts 5 and 6. See pp. To the local population, the LTTE was a de facto government with its own armed, land and naval forces, a limited air force, police force and its own dispensation of justice and its own tax system.
The defendant was a member of the Tamil Coordinating Committee in The Netherlands and of the LTTE for which he regularly took part in meetings and fundraising activities p. Was there an armed conflict in Sri Lanka at the relevant time for the purposes of the offenses charged under Counts 1A and 1B?
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